[LUGOS] Shell replacement

[Bostjan Tursic]

Ah raje tole spremeni v C++ ali C#, ker imas cas, ko dezuje :)



Reading from and Writing to a Socket
et's look at a simple example that illustrates how a program can establish a
connection to a server program using the Socket class and then, how the client
can send data to and receive data from the server through the socket.
The example program implements a client, EchoClient, that connects to the Echo
server. The Echo server simply receives data from its client and echoes it back.
The Echo server is a well-known service that clients can rendezvous with on port
7.

EchoClient creates a socket thereby getting a connection to the Echo server. It
reads input from the user on the standard input stream, and then forwards that
text to the Echo server by writing the text to the socket. The server echoes the
input back through the socket to the client. The client program reads and
displays the data passed back to it from the server:

import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;

public class EchoClient {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {

        Socket echoSocket = null;
        PrintWriter out = null;
        BufferedReader in = null;

        try {
            echoSocket = new Socket("taranis", 7);
            out = new PrintWriter(echoSocket.getOutputStream(), true);
            in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(
                                        echoSocket.getInputStream()));
        } catch (UnknownHostException e) {
            System.err.println("Don't know about host: taranis.");
            System.exit(1);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            System.err.println("Couldn't get I/O for "
                               + "the connection to: taranis.");
            System.exit(1);
        }

	BufferedReader stdIn = new BufferedReader(
                                   new InputStreamReader(System.in));
	String userInput;

	while ((userInput = stdIn.readLine()) != null) {
	    out.println(userInput);
	    System.out.println("echo: " + in.readLine());
	}

	out.close();
	in.close();
	stdIn.close();
	echoSocket.close();
    }
}
Note that EchoClient both writes to and reads from its socket, thereby sending
data to and receiving data from the Echo server.
Let's walk through the program and investigate the interesting parts. The three
statements in the try block of the main method are critical. These lines
establish the socket connection between the client and the server and open a
PrintWriter and a BufferedReader on the socket:

echoSocket = new Socket("taranis", 7);
out = new PrintWriter(echoSocket.getOutputStream(), true);
in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(
                             echoSocket.getInputStream()));
The first statement in this sequence creates a new Socket object and names it
echoSocket. The Socket constructor used here requires the name of the machine
and the port number to which you want to connect. The example program uses the
host name taranis. This is the name of a hypothetical machine on our local
network. When you type in and run this program on your machine, change the host
name to the name of a machine on your network. Make sure that the name you use
is the fully qualified IP name of the machine to which you want to connect. The
second argument is the port number. Port number 7 is the port on which the Echo
server listens.
The second statement gets the socket's output stream and opens a PrintWriter on
it. Similarly, the third statement gets the socket's input stream and opens a
BufferedReader on it. The example uses readers and writers so that it can write
Unicode characters over the socket.

To send data through the socket to the server, EchoClient simply needs to write
to the PrintWriter. To get the server's response, EchoClient reads from the
BufferedReader. The rest of the program achieves this. If you are not yet
familiar with the Java platform's I/O classes, you may wish to read I/O: Reading
and Writing (but no 'rithmetic).

The next interesting part of the program is the while loop. The loop reads a
line at a time from the standard input stream and immediately sends it to the
server by writing it to the PrintWriter connected to the socket:

String userInput;

while ((userInput = stdIn.readLine()) != null) {
    out.println(userInput);
    System.out.println("echo: " + in.readLine());
}
The last statement in the while loop reads a line of information from the
BufferedReader connected to the socket. The readLine method waits until the
server echoes the information back to EchoClient. When readline returns,
EchoClient prints the information to the standard output.
The while loop continues until the user types an end-of-input character. That
is, EchoClient reads input from the user, sends it to the Echo server, gets a
response from the server, and displays it, until it reaches the end-of-input.
The while loop then terminates and the program continues, executing the next
four lines of code:

out.close();
in.close();
stdIn.close();
echoSocket.close();
These lines of code fall into the category of housekeeping. A well-behaved
program always cleans up after itself, and this program is well-behaved. These
statements close the readers and writers connected to the socket and to the
standard input stream, and close the socket connection to the server. The order
here is important. You should close any streams connected to a socket before you
close the socket itself.
This client program is straightforward and simple because the Echo server
implements a simple protocol. The client sends text to the server, and the
server echoes it back. When your client programs are talking to a more
complicated server such as an HTTP server, your client program will also be more
complicated. However, the basics are much the same as they are in this program:

  1.. Open a socket.
  2.. Open an input stream and output stream to the socket.
  3.. Read from and write to the stream according to the server's protocol.
  4.. Close the streams.
  5.. Close the socket.
Only step 3 differs from client to client, depending on the server. The other
steps remain largely the same.








----- Original Message ----- 
From: "Blaz Podrzaj" <b at thz.net>
To: "Glavni dopisni seznam LUGOSa" <lugos-list at lugos.si>
Sent: Wednesday, October 05, 2005 2:43 PM
Subject: Re: [LUGOS] Shell replacement



On Wed, 5 Oct 2005, Andrej Lajovic wrote:

> > Za potrebe nekih testov bi rabil nekakšen shell, ki bi vračal na terminal
> > isto kar bi mu jaz poslal. Recimo jaz vpišem blabla <ENTER>, shel pa mi
> > vrne nazaj blabla. Trenutno nimam ideje kako bi to naredil (čisto prazna
> > glava)...
>
> cat?

E bravo, super :)

lp,B

PS: Kako ima človek včasih vse pred nosom pa tega sploh ne vidi. No saj to
je jasno... če imaš en majhen predmet pred nosom in fokusiraš v neskončnost
tega predmeta sploh ne vidiš :)

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